S3 Bucket Versioning Suspended

AnalysisType: rule
Filename: aws_s3_suspend_versioning.py
RuleID: "AWS.S3.SuspendVersioning"
DisplayName: "S3 Bucket Versioning Suspended"
Enabled: true
CreateAlert: false
LogTypes:
  - AWS.CloudTrail
Tags:
  - AWS
  - Defense Evasion
  - Impact:Data Destruction
Reports:
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0005:T1562
    - TA0040:T1485
Severity: Low
Description: Detects when S3 bucket versioning is suspended or disabled, which removes the ability to recover previous versions of objects and is a common precursor to ransomware attacks or data destruction.
Runbook: |
  1. Query CloudTrail for all S3 API calls by the userIdentity:arn on the requestParameters:bucketName in the 24 hours before and after versioning was suspended
  2. Find any DeleteObject or DeleteObjects events on this bucket in the 6 hours after versioning was suspended to detect potential data destruction attempts
  3. Search for other security control changes (DisableBucketLogging, DisableMfaDelete, DeleteBucketEncryption) on the same bucket in the past 7 days to identify coordinated attack patterns
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Versioning.html
SummaryAttributes:
  - sourceIpAddress
  - userAgent
  - recipientAccountId
  - p_any_aws_arns
Tests:
  - Name: Versioning Suspended Successfully
    ExpectedResult: true
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "AssumedRole",
            "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:user_name",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111111111111:assumed-role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath/sample-role-brave-yalow-role-intelligent-brahmagupta-role-beautiful-keldysh-role-happy-easley-role-bold-buck",
            "accountId": "111111111111",
            "accessKeyId": "ASIA-MOCKACCESSKEYID-1",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "false",
                    "creationDate": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "type": "Role",
                    "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111111111111:role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath",
                    "accountId": "111111111111",
                    "userName": "AdminRole",
                  },
              },
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "s3.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "PutBucketVersioning",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "bucketName": "important-files-bucket",
            "host": "sample-bucket-lucid-jang.s3.amazonaws.com",
            "VersioningConfiguration":
              {
                "Status": "Suspended",
              },
          },
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-111111111111",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111",
        "vpcEndpointId": "vpce-1a2b3c4d",
      }
  - Name: Versioning Disabled Successfully
    ExpectedResult: true
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "AssumedRole",
            "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:user_name",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111111111111:assumed-role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath/sample-role-brave-yalow-role-intelligent-brahmagupta-role-beautiful-keldysh-role-happy-easley-role-bold-buck",
            "accountId": "111111111111",
            "accessKeyId": "ASIA-MOCKACCESSKEYID-1",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "false",
                    "creationDate": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "type": "Role",
                    "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111111111111:role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath",
                    "accountId": "111111111111",
                    "userName": "AdminRole",
                  },
              },
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "s3.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "PutBucketVersioning",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "bucketName": "important-files-bucket",
            "host": "sample-bucket-lucid-jang.s3.amazonaws.com",
            "VersioningConfiguration":
              {
                "Status": "Disabled",
              },
          },
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-111111111111",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111",
        "vpcEndpointId": "vpce-1a2b3c4d",
      }
  - Name: Versioning Change Failed
    ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "AIDAI23HXS4EXAMPLE",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111111111111:user/testuser",
            "accountId": "111111111111",
            "accessKeyId": "AKIA-MOCKACCESSKEYID-1",
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "s3.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "PutBucketVersioning",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "errorCode": "AccessDenied",
        "errorMessage": "Access Denied",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "bucketName": "important-files-bucket",
            "host": "sample-bucket-lucid-jang.s3.amazonaws.com",
            "VersioningConfiguration":
              {
                "Status": "Suspended",
              },
          },
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-111111111111",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111",
      }
  - Name: Versioning Enabled
    ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "AssumedRole",
            "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:user_name",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111111111111:assumed-role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath/sample-role-brave-yalow-role-intelligent-brahmagupta-role-beautiful-keldysh-role-happy-easley-role-bold-buck",
            "accountId": "111111111111",
            "accessKeyId": "ASIA-MOCKACCESSKEYID-1",
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "s3.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "PutBucketVersioning",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "bucketName": "important-files-bucket",
            "host": "sample-bucket-lucid-jang.s3.amazonaws.com",
            "VersioningConfiguration":
              {
                "Status": "Enabled",
              },
          },
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-111111111111",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111",
      }
  - Name: Different S3 Event
    ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "AssumedRole",
            "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:user_name",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111111111111:assumed-role/sample-role-dreamy-yonath/sample-role-brave-yalow-role-intelligent-brahmagupta-role-beautiful-keldysh-role-happy-easley-role-bold-buck",
            "accountId": "111111111111",
            "accessKeyId": "ASIA-MOCKACCESSKEYID-1",
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "s3.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "DeleteBucketEncryption",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "bucketName": "important-files-bucket",
            "host": "sample-bucket-lucid-jang.s3.amazonaws.com",
          },
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-111111111111",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111",
      }
  - Name: Non-S3 Event
    ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "AssumedRole",
            "principalId": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:user_name",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/AdminRole/user_name",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
          },
        "eventTime": "2024-01-15T10:45:23Z",
        "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "PutBucketVersioning",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "203.0.113.42",
        "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/5.10.0-1234-aws exe/x86_64.ubuntu.22",
        "requestParameters": {},
        "responseElements": null,
        "requestID": "ABC123DEF456",
        "eventID": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
        "readOnly": false,
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
      }

# ------ paired body: aws_s3_suspend_versioning.py ------

from panther_aws_helpers import aws_cloudtrail_success, aws_rule_context


def rule(event):
    return (
        aws_cloudtrail_success(event)
        and event.get("eventSource") == "s3.amazonaws.com"
        and event.get("eventName") == "PutBucketVersioning"
        and event.deep_get("requestParameters", "VersioningConfiguration", "Status")
        in ("Suspended", "Disabled")
    )


def title(event):
    return (
        f"[AWS.CloudTrail] User [{event.udm('actor_user')}] "
        f"suspended object versioning in bucket "
        f"[{event.deep_get('requestParameters', 'bucketName')}]"
    )


def alert_context(event):
    context = aws_rule_context(event)
    context["bucketName"] = event.deep_get(
        "requestParameters", "bucketName", default="UNKNOWN_BUCKET"
    )
    return context