DNS Query Length With High Standard Deviation

name: DNS Query Length With High Standard Deviation
id: 1a67f15a-f4ff-4170-84e9-08cf6f75d6f5
version: 16
creation_date: '2019-10-16'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Bhavin Patel, Splunk
status: production
type: Anomaly
description: The following analytic identifies DNS queries with unusually large lengths by computing the standard deviation of query lengths and filtering those exceeding two times the standard deviation. It leverages DNS query data from the Network_Resolution data model, focusing on the length of the domain names being resolved. This activity is significant as unusually long DNS queries can indicate data exfiltration or command-and-control communication attempts. If confirmed malicious, this activity could allow attackers to stealthily transfer data or maintain persistent communication channels within the network.
data_source:
    - Sysmon EventID 22
search: |-
    | tstats `security_content_summariesonly` count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime FROM datamodel=Network_Resolution
      WHERE NOT DNS.record_type IN ("Pointer","PTR","SOA", "SRV") DNS.query != *.
      BY DNS.answer DNS.answer_count DNS.query
         DNS.query_count DNS.reply_code_id DNS.src
         DNS.vendor_product DNS.dest DNS.record_type
    | `drop_dm_object_name("DNS")`
    | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
    | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
    | eval tlds=split(query,".")
    | eval tld=mvindex(tlds,-1)
    | eval tld_len=len(tld)
    | search tld_len<=20
    | eval query_length = len(query)
    | table firstTime lastTime src dest query query_length record_type count record_type
    | eventstats stdev(query_length) AS stdev avg(query_length) AS avg p50(query_length) AS p50
    | where query_length>(avg+stdev*2)
    | eval z_score=(query_length-avg)/stdev
    | stats count values(query) as query values(dest) as dest avg(query_length) as avg_query_length values(record_type) as record_type min(firstTime) as firstTime latest(lastTime) as lastTime
      BY src
    | `dns_query_length_with_high_standard_deviation_filter`
how_to_implement: To successfully implement this search, you will need to ensure that DNS data is populating the Network_Resolution data model.
known_false_positives: It's possible there can be long domain names that are legitimate.
references: []
drilldown_searches:
    - name: View the detection results for - "$src$"
      search: '%original_detection_search% | search  src = "$src$"'
      earliest_offset: $info_min_time$
      latest_offset: $info_max_time$
    - name: View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$src$"
      search: '| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$host$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
      earliest_offset: 7d
      latest_offset: "0"
intermediate_findings:
    entities:
        - field: src
          type: system
          score: 20
          message: Potentially suspicious DNS query [$query$] with high standard deviation from src - [$src$]
threat_objects:
    - field: query
      type: url
analytic_story:
    - Hidden Cobra Malware
    - Suspicious DNS Traffic
    - Command And Control
asset_type: Endpoint
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1048.003
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: network
security_domain: network
tests:
    - name: True Positive Test
      attack_data:
        - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1071.004/long_dns_query/dns-sysmon.log
          source: XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational
          sourcetype: XmlWinEventLog
      test_type: unit