O365 Email Hard Delete Excessive Volume

name: O365 Email Hard Delete Excessive Volume
id: c7fe0949-348a-41ce-8f17-a09a7fe5fd7d
version: 6
creation_date: '2025-01-23'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Steven Dick
status: production
type: Anomaly
description: The following analytic identifies when an O365 email account hard deletes an excessive number of emails within a short period (within 1 hour). This behavior may indicate a compromised account where the threat actor is attempting to permanently purge a large amount of items from the mailbox. Threat actors may attempt to remove evidence of their activity by purging items from the compromised mailbox. --- Some account owner legitimate behaviors can trigger this alert, however these actions may not be aligned with organizational expectations / best practice behaviors.
data_source:
    - Office 365 Universal Audit Log
search: |-
    `o365_management_activity` Workload=Exchange (Operation IN ("HardDelete") AND Folder.Path IN ("\\Sent Items","\\Recoverable Items\\Deletions"))
    | eval user = lower(UserId), sender = lower(CASE(isnotnull(SendAsUserSmtp),SendAsUserSmtp,isnotnull(SendOnBehalfOfUserSmtp),SendOnBehalfOfUserSmtp,true(),MailboxOwnerUPN)), subject = trim(CASE(Operation IN ("Send","SendAs","SendOnBehalf"),'Item.Subject',Operation IN ("SoftDelete","HardDelete"),'AffectedItems{}.Subject')), -time = _time,file_name = CASE(Operation IN ("Send","SendAs","SendOnBehalf"),split('Item.Attachments',"; "),Operation IN ("SoftDelete","HardDelete"),split('AffectedItems{}.Attachments',"; ")), file_size = CASE(Operation IN ("Send","SendAs","SendOnBehalf"),round(tonumber('Item.SizeInBytes')/1024/1024,2),true(),round(tonumber(replace(file_name, "(.+)\s\((\d+)(b\)$)", "\2"))/1024/1024,2))
    | bin _time span=1hr
    | stats values(sender) as sender, values(ClientIPAddress) as src, values(ClientInfoString) as http_user_agent, values(Operation) as signature, latest(file_name) as file_name, sum(file_size) as file_size, values(Folder.Path) as file_path, min(-time) as firstTime, max(-time) as lastTime, dc(subject) as count by _time,user
    | where count > 50 OR file_size > 10
    | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
    | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
    | `o365_email_hard_delete_excessive_volume_filter`
how_to_implement: You must install the Splunk Microsoft Office 365 Add-on and ingest Office 365 management activity events.
known_false_positives: Users that habitually/proactively cleaning the recoverable items folder may trigger this alert.
references:
    - https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/
    - https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/help-desk-social-engineering-sector-alert-tlpclear.pdf
    - https://intelligence.abnormalsecurity.com/attack-library/threat-actor-convincingly-impersonates-employee-requesting-direct-deposit-update-in-likely-ai-generated-attack
drilldown_searches:
    - name: View the detection results for - "$user$"
      search: '%original_detection_search% | search user = "$user$"'
      earliest_offset: $info_min_time$
      latest_offset: $info_max_time$
    - name: View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$user$"
      search: '| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$user$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
      earliest_offset: 7d
      latest_offset: "0"
    - name: Investigate Email for $user$
      search: '`o365_management_activity` Workload=Exchange (Operation IN ("HardDelete") AND Folder.Path IN ("\\Sent Items","\\Recoverable Items\\Deletions")) AND UserId = "$user$"'
      earliest_offset: $info_min_time$
      latest_offset: $info_max_time$
intermediate_findings:
    entities:
        - field: user
          type: user
          score: 20
          message: The user $user$ deleted an excessing number of emails [$count$] within a short timeframe
threat_objects:
    - field: src
      type: ip_address
analytic_story:
    - Office 365 Account Takeover
    - Suspicious Emails
    - Data Destruction
asset_type: O365 Tenant
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1070.008
    - T1485
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: cloud
security_domain: threat
tests:
    - name: True Positive Test
      attack_data:
        - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1114/o365_suspect_email_actions/o365_exchange_suspect_events.log
          source: o365
          sourcetype: o365:management:activity
      test_type: unit