O365 Mailbox Folder Read Permission Granted

name: O365 Mailbox Folder Read Permission Granted
id: cd15c0a8-470e-4b12-9517-046e4927db30
version: 13
creation_date: '2024-04-17'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Mauricio Velazco, Splunk
status: production
type: TTP
description: The following analytic identifies instances where read permissions are granted to mailbox folders within an Office 365 environment. It detects this activity by monitoring the `o365_management_activity` data source for the `Set-MailboxFolderPermission` and `Add-MailboxFolderPermission` operations. This behavior is significant as it may indicate unauthorized access or changes to mailbox folder permissions, potentially exposing sensitive email content. If confirmed malicious, an attacker could gain unauthorized access to read email communications, leading to data breaches or information leakage.
data_source:
    - O365 ModifyFolderPermissions
search: |-
    `o365_management_activity`
    Workload=Exchange
    Operation IN ("Set-MailboxFolderPermission", "Add-MailboxFolderPermission")
    | eval isReadRole=if(match(AccessRights,"^(ReadItems|Author|NonEditingAuthor|Owner|PublishingAuthor|Reviewer)$"), "true", "false")
    | search isReadRole="true"
    | rename UserId as user
    | fillnull
    | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime
      by signature dest user src vendor_account
         vendor_product Identity AccessRights
    | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
    | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
    | `o365_mailbox_folder_read_permission_granted_filter`
how_to_implement: You must install the Splunk Microsoft Office 365 Add-on and ingest Office 365 management activity events.
known_false_positives: Mailbox folder permissions may be configured for legitimate purposes, filter as needed.
references:
    - https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002/
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/add-mailboxfolderpermission?view=exchange-ps
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/set-mailboxfolderpermission?view=exchange-ps
drilldown_searches:
    - name: View the detection results for - "$user$"
      search: '%original_detection_search% | search  user = "$user$"'
      earliest_offset: $info_min_time$
      latest_offset: $info_max_time$
    - name: View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$user$"
      search: '| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$user$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
      earliest_offset: 7d
      latest_offset: "0"
finding:
    title: A folder was granted read permission by $user$
    entity:
        field: user
        type: user
        score: 50
analytic_story:
    - Office 365 Collection Techniques
asset_type: O365 Tenant
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1098.002
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: cloud
security_domain: audit
tests:
    - name: True Positive Test
      attack_data:
        - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1098.002/o365_mailbox_folder_read_granted/o365_mailbox_folder_read_granted.log
          source: o365
          sourcetype: o365:management:activity
      test_type: unit