Cisco IOS XE Guestshell Activation and Destroy

name: Cisco IOS XE Guestshell Activation and Destroy
id: ff82a536-8fde-4963-a801-815826fcdf75
version: 1
creation_date: '2026-05-19'
modification_date: '2026-05-20'
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali
status: production
type: Anomaly
description: |
    This analytic detects Cisco IOS-XE guestshell enable activity followed by activation and destroy lifecycle logs.
    The detection focuses on HA_EM command logging for "guestshell enable" and "guestshell destroy", VMAN activation and destroy messages, and IM/IOX guestshell activation logs observed on some IOS-XE images.
data_source:
    - Cisco IOS Logs
search: |-
    `cisco_ios`
    facility IN ("HA_EM", "VMAN", "IM", "AAA")
    mnemonic IN ("LOG", "ACTIVATION_STATE", "IOX_INST_INFO", "INSTALL_STATE", "AAA_ACCOUNTING_MESSAGE")
    message_text IN (
        "*guestshell enable*",
        "*guestshell destroy*",
        "*Successfully activated virtual service 'guestshell*",
        "*IOX SERVICE guestshell*",
        "*Destroying virtual service 'guestshell*",
        "*Successfully destroyed virtual service 'guestshell*"
    )
    | eval dest=coalesce(host, dvc, dest, "unknown")
    | eval event_type=case(
        like(message_text, "%guestshell enable%"), "guestshell_enable_command",
        like(message_text, "%guestshell destroy%"), "guestshell_destroy_command",
        like(message_text, "%Successfully activated virtual service 'guestshell%"), "vman_guestshell_activated",
        like(message_text, "%IOX SERVICE guestshell%"), "im_iox_guestshell_activated",
        like(message_text, "%Destroying virtual service 'guestshell%"), "vman_guestshell_destroying",
        like(message_text, "%Successfully destroyed virtual service 'guestshell%"), "vman_guestshell_destroyed",
        true(), "other"
    )
    | bin _time span=30m
    | stats count min(_time) as firstTime
                  max(_time) as lastTime
                  values(event_type) as event_types
                  values(message_text) as message
    by _time dest
    | where
            (
                mvfind(event_types, "vman_guestshell_activated") >= 0
                OR
                mvfind(event_types, "im_iox_guestshell_activated") >= 0
                OR
                mvfind(event_types, "guestshell_enable_command") >= 0
            )
            AND
            (
                mvfind(event_types, "vman_guestshell_destroying") >= 0
                OR
                mvfind(event_types, "vman_guestshell_destroyed") >= 0
                OR
                mvfind(event_types, "guestshell_destroy_command") >= 0
            )
    | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
    | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
    | `cisco_ios_xe_guestshell_activation_and_destroy_filter`
how_to_implement: |
    Use the Cisco Catalyst Add-on for Splunk (https://splunkbase.splunk.com/app/7538) to ingest Cisco IOS-XE syslog with sourcetype "cisco:ios".
    Enable EEM catchall command logging to capture the "guestshell enable" and "guestshell destroy" commands as HA_EM/LOG events.
known_false_positives: |
    No false positives have been identified at this time.
references:
    - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa25-239a
    - https://blog.talosintelligence.com/salt-typhoon-analysis/
drilldown_searches:
    - name: View the detection results for - "$dest$"
      search: '%original_detection_search% | search  dest = "$dest$"'
      earliest_offset: $info_min_time$
      latest_offset: $info_max_time$
    - name: View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$dest$"
      search: '| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$dest$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
      earliest_offset: 7d
      latest_offset: "0"
intermediate_findings:
    entities:
        - field: dest
          type: system
          score: 20
          message: Cisco IOS-XE device $dest$ had guestshell enabled and destroyed within a short period.
analytic_story:
    - Salt Typhoon
asset_type: Network
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1059
    - T1611
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: application
security_domain: network
tests:
    - name: True Positive Test
      attack_data:
        - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/emerging_threats/SaltTyphoon/salttyphoon_cisco.log
          source: ctb:catalyst:syslog
          sourcetype: cisco:ios
      test_type: unit